Understanding Roth IRAs (Individual Retirement Account)

 
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by S. Wade Hansen

 

A Roth IRA (individual retirement account) is similar to a traditional IRA, but with one major difference—with a Roth IRA, you pay taxes as your money is going in to and not as it is coming out of your account.

 

Roth IRA

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Roth IRAs were created in 1998 by a bill that was introduced by Senator William Roth of Delaware—hence the name Roth IRA. Congress created Roth IRAs to provide individuals with more tax incentives to save for retirement. For instance, if you believe you are going to be in a higher tax bracket when you retire than you are in now, a Roth IRA makes perfect sense because you are taxed on the money you puta into a Roth IRA, not on the money you take out.

 

Roth IRA Basics

 

Roth IRAs are defined by a few basic features. Once you understand these basic concepts, the rest is just details. Here are the important points you need to remember:

 

- You pay taxes on the money you put into your Roth IRA

- Your investments grow tax-deferred inside your Roth IRA

- You take your money out of your Roth IRA tax free at retirement

 

Roth IRA Details

 

The following table outlines the specific details that make a Roth IRA unique.

 

Plan Components Specifications

Tax Treatment (Contributions)

Ordinary Income

Tax Treatment (Withdrawals)

Tax Free

Contribution Limits (per year)

$5,000

Catch-Up contributions (50 years old or more)

$1,000

Employer Contributions

N/A

Contribution Deadline

April 15 of the following year

Early Withdrawal Penalty

10% Penalty

Withdrawal Eligibility Age

59 1/2

Minimum Required Distribution Age

N/A

Minimum Required Distribution

N/A

Rollover Options

Rollover Roth IRA

Loans from Your Roth IRA

Not Available

Investment Choices

Depends on Your Broker

 

More on Investment Accounts

 

- 401(k) Retirement Accounts

- IRAs (Individual Retirement Accounts)

- Taxable Accounts

- Tax Deferral

 

More...

 


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Comments Add New
Matthew Curran  - tax deferred?   |2009-10-21 09:55:55
Good stuff. I like your website.

One thing. In the important points to
remember part, you say that investments in a roth IRA grow tax-deferred. Isn't
that incorrect? You've already paid the taxes on the money when you put it into
the account. So you don't pay taxes when you take it out. Nothing deferred
about it. What am I confusing?

Thanks,
Matt
swadehansen  - tax deferred profits   |2009-10-21 10:14:14
Matt,

That's a great question. You are correct that the money you put into a
Roth IRA has already been taxed. The portion of the money that grows tax
deferred within a Roth is the profits you make on the money you put into the
account. For example, if you put $5K of after-tax money into a Roth and then
make $3K in the account, you don't have to pay taxes on the $3K in profits.
Whereas, if this money were in a taxable account, you would have to pay taxes on
the $3K in profits.

Wade
Don  - viewer   |2009-11-10 09:34:17
This is my first time on your site, and I will definitely come back. Regarding a
Roth IRA, I read that before retiring, I should move my money from a normal IRA
into a Roth. As I understand it, it would be better to pay the initial tax on
say, $100,000 for a Roth, than to pay the tax on a retirement IRA which I am
withdrawing money from, correct?

Don

P.S. Like your site!
swadehansen  - IRA to Roth IRA   |2009-11-10 09:59:25
Don,

Much of the decision of whether or not to convert from a Traditional IRA
to a Roth IRA depends on the tax bracket you believe you will be in when you
retire. If you believe you are going to be in a higher tax bracket when you
retire, it may make sense to convert, pay taxes now and avoid paying taxes later
at a higher tax rate. However, if you believe you will be in a lower tax bracket
when you retire than you are now, it may make sense to avoid paying taxes at a
higher rate now by keeping your money in a traditional IRA and paying taxes at a
lower rate as you withdraw money during retirement.
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